CREATED/PUBLISHED In Venetia, Appresso Francesco Ziletti, 1581.

SUMMARY This manual is one of the most important documents detailing late-Renaissance Italian court dance. Dancing master Fabritio Caroso (died 1605) describes fifty-four steps, provides rules for style and etiquette, and contains specific choreographies for eighty dances, most of which are designed for one couple. Many dances are preceded by full-page illustrations and each dance is provided with appropriate music notated in Italian lute tablature. Fabritio Caroso is also the author of an additional dance manual, Nobilt� di dame (1600; 1605).

OTHER TITLES Prompter's call book

CREATED/PUBLISHED Philadelphia, Pa. : J.W. Pepper, c1882.

SUMMARY This manual is a compilation of previously published materials and its contents are typical of similar books published during the 1880s. The standard etiquette for balls has been reduced to simple rules; for example, "A lady should not attend a public ball without an escort." The manual continues with a discussion of the quadrille and round dances, including the waltz, Boston dip, Berlin, and polka. This edition is an excellent source; over seventy pages of violin music are included.

CREATED/PUBLISHED New York, C. T. De Witt, c1879.

SUMMARY The author of this manual claims that many books on dance lack simple explanations; this work is advertised as an answer to that criticism. The author has dispensed with "all unnecessary verbiage and figures of speech" in describing round dances and figures for the German (also know as the cotillon). Nearly half the book is devoted to quadrilles and calls for the prompter.

CREATED/PUBLISHED New York, De Witt, c1882.

SUMMARY This is a compilation of previously published materials on the subject of nineteenth-century ballroom dance. Some of the dance descriptions represent popular favorites from decades past, such as the polka and schottisch. Other dance descriptions, including the Newport, racquet, and society waltz, were popular during the 1880s.

CREATED/PUBLISHED Dublin, Printed by W. Folds, 1810.

SUMMARY The first section of this manual is devoted to a history of dance with emphasis on Greek and Roman practices. However, much of this section is borrowed liberally from the writings of late eighteenth-century authors, and, while it illuminates the importance of Greek and Roman influence on the arts of the era, modern dance scholars will find many interpretive and factual errors. Book two is a discourse on what Cassidy considers the practical aspects of dance: steps, music, and deportment. There is also discussion on the minuet, reel, and country dances.

CREATED/PUBLISHED New York : World Syndicate Co., c1914. NOTES Written by one of the most famous exhibition ballroom teams of the century, the manual covers a large variety of dances popular during the ragtime era including the tango, one step, hesitation waltz, and maxixe. A large portion of the book is devoted to grace and etiquette, appropriate dance dresses for women, and music. Many photographs of the famous couple enhance the manual.

CREATED/PUBLISHED London, E. Churton, 1847.

SUMMARY A translation of La danse des salons (1847), this manual provides important information on mid-nineteenth-century ballroom dance. Following a format utilized by many manuals, the work begins with introductory comments on dance, followed by a description of the French quadrille. This is followed by discussion of round dances--the polka, numerous waltzes including waltze � trois temps, and waltze � deux temps--as well as steps and figures for another type of quadrille known as the mazurka quadrille. The manual contains eighty-three figures for a series of dance games, called the cotillon (also known as the German or German cotillon). The manual includes eight full-page prints by Paul Gavarni.

CREATED/PUBLISHED Paris : Chez l'auteur, 1849.

SUMMARY Originally published in 1847, the manual provides important information on mid-nineteenth-century ballroom dance. Following a format utilized by many manuals, the work begins with introductory comments on dance, followed by a description of the French quadrille. This is folllowed by discussion of round dances--the polka, numerous waltzes including waltze � trois temps and waltze � deux temps--as well as steps and figures for another type of quadrille known as the mazurka quadrille. The manual contains eighty-three figures for a series of dance games, called the cotillon (also known as the German or German cotillon). Nine full-page prints by Gavarini enhance the manual. The manual was published in English as The drawing-room dances (1847).

CREATED/PUBLISHED Paris, Garnier fr�res [1899]

SUMMARY This manual is an extensive history of dance that incorporates many countries, cultures, and periods including Chinese, Hindu, Egyptian, Greek, ancient Gaul, European Renaissance, and Baroque. The manual also covers popular culture, peasant dance, and "foreign dance." The perspective of this manual is clearly nineteenth century, with little emphasis on historical fact. The point of view is clearly western, and this is evident in the music examples that accompany almost every country or culture's entry--all have been subjected to western notation and are arranged in late nineteenth-century grand musical style. Additionally, the text includes numerous illustrations and, no matter the country or culture, the figures are physically shaped to look like late nineteenth-century western ladies and gentlemen.

CREATED/PUBLISHED S.-Peterburg : [s.n.], 1893.

SUMMARY This is an important Russian manual describing social dance practices including descriptions of the basic movements and positions used in ballroom dance and various dance types including the polka, waltz, and mazurka. The book incorporates a discussion of the dance instruction in athletic programs and for young men in military academies. Numerous photographs enhance the manual.

OTHER TITLES Recueil des contre-danses et walzes Title on t.p. of recueil 28: 28e. recueil des contre-danses et waltzes

CREATED/PUBLISHED A Paris : Chez Frere, [179-?-1815?]

CREATED/PUBLISHED Davenport, Iowa, Instructor publishing co., 1903.

SUMMARY Dancing master Clendenen's book is meant for teachers of dance and he covers the basic building blocks of teaching beginning with the positions of the feet and body. Technical terms (with correct pronunciation), preparatory exercises, bows and curtseys are included as well as sections of attitudes and poses, correct and incorrect positions. The manual concludes with instructions on how to teach ten fancy dances that include "Highland Fling," "Sailor's Hornpipe," "Twentieth-Century Skirt Dance," and "La Manola." The manual is illustrated with photographs of students.

OTHER TITLES Fashionable quadrille call book and guide to etiquette Professor Clendenen's fashionable quadrille book and guide to etiquette

CREATED/PUBLISHED Davenport, Ia., F.L. Clendenen [c1895]

SUMMARY Quoting extensively from L.H. Elmwell's 1892 dance manual, this treatise is aimed at prompters of quadrilles. The Manual includes a brief explanation of quadrille figures and etiquette (with emphasis on etiquette while performing quadrilles). Quadrille figures are included with appropriate calls for the prompter.

CREATED/PUBLISHED [St. Louis, Printed by Arcade print shop, 1919]

SUMMARY This manual is a good example of the emphasis placed on physical fitness during the early twentieth century and, dancing master Clendenen notes "we have just won the greatest war known in history ... by efficiency, and physical excellence." The manual encourages teachers to instruct children "correct dancing and health movements." Clendenen describes a wide panorama of movement including pantomime and dramatic posture dances, Greek dancing, Hawaiian arm and Italian body exercises, rhythmic dancing, toe dancing, as well as nature and health exercises. The book also includes steps and choreographies for novelty dances such as "Russian Slavic Dance," "Dance of the Soul," and "Egyptian Posture Dance."

CREATED/PUBLISHED Boston, O. Ditson & co.; New York, C. H. Ditson & co.; [etc., etc.] c1878.

SUMMARY Cleveland's manual opens with an interesting account of the building blocks required for setting up a successful private dancing academy. He includes discussion on the architectural requirements, music, progress of students, hours and division of classes, dealing with children, and how to manage balls. The second part of the manual covers "fashionable dances," and the author describes quadrilles, the "Boston Waltz," and twenty-nine figures for the German (also known as cotillon), a group dance comprised of a series of party games.

CREATED/PUBLISHED New York, E. J. Clode [c1922]

SUMMARY This is an expanded version of Coll's book that was originally published c. 1919. Beginning with an account of dance history ranging from the ancient Greeks to late nineteenth-century dance, Coll declares that some of "most up to the minute dances" include the Carter Waltz and the Schottisch Espagnole. The author also discusses foxtrot variations, the Virginia Reel, and provides some cotillon figures (also known as the German). The dances described by Coll were long out of fashion by 1922.

CREATED/PUBLISHED London, A. Hammond & co. [1873]

SUMMARY This is an expanded version of a manual published under the same title in 1866. It it not known whether or not famed Paris dancing master Coulon actually participated in the assembly of this manual. Most of the manual is compilation from earlier sources. Demonstrating a growing late nineteenth--century interest in physical education, this new version adds a series of exercises to be performed with poles, dumb-bells, and elastics. Additional exervises emphasize walking, running, and jumping. The manual describes the popular ballroom dances of the era--quadrille, waltz, and polka.

CREATED/PUBLISHED London, Jullien & co. [1860?]

SUMMARY This is the third edition of Coulon's manual and describes dances popular during the 1840s. Typical of many nineteenth-century ballroom manuals, much of the material is borrowed from other contemporary sources. It is not known whether or not famed French dancing master Eug�ne Coulon contributed to the work. Small enough to fit into a pocket, the manual begins with a discussion of the polka and includes directions for various ballroom dances including the mazurka quadrille, polka mazurka, schottisch, "La Cellarius," gorlitza, various quadrilles and other group dances such as "La Temp�te" and "Sir Roger de Coverley." The manual concludes with directions for the "Menuet de la Cour." An expanded version of this work was published in 1873.

CREATED/PUBLISHED New York : Nelson & Phillips, [1849] NOTES "Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1849 ... in the Clerk's office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York."

CREATED/PUBLISHED London, John Lane; New York, John Lane company, 1920.

SUMMARY This manual is designed as a self-teacher for those who cannot or, according to the author, are unwilling to attend dance classes. Additionally, Cree declares the most popular dances to be the Lame Duck Valse, valse, one step, foxtrot, and lancers. Although he includes instructions for a Three Step or Straight Jazz, and a Tango Valse, the manual does not reflect dances that were being performed during the late teens.

CREATED/PUBLISHED Leipzig, J. J. Weber, 1862.

SUMMARY In this vast history of dance, Czerwinski discusses the origins of dance with Greek and Roman examples and continues with a description of the dances in many countries including Spain, France, Germany, England, Scotland, Sweden, Holland, Poland, Japan and Turkey. Specific dances include the galliard, galop, menuet, quadrille, waltz, and tarantella. Although the scholarship is flawed by contemporary standards, the work is part of a large body of literature that influenced the writing of dance history through the end of the nineteenth century.

CREATED/PUBLISHED Rondout, N.Y., K. Freeman printing house, 1899.

SUMMARY The author of this work claims to be pastor of the Reformed Churches of Marbletown and North Marbletown as well as a lawyer. In this manual, Davis takes a novel approach in preaching his antidance position, which he calls "The Trial of Social Dance ... The only King and Potentate, Jesus Christ vs. Social Dance." The jury for this "trial" is composed of "The Public Conscience." "Witnesses" include Mr. Worldly Fun, Mr. Roman Catholic Bishop, Mr. Round Dancing Master, and Miss Chicago Barmaid. The trial proceeds and, in Davis's summary, the jury declares the defendant, social dance, guilty.

CREATED/PUBLISHED New York, Raymond & Caulon, printers, 1865.

SUMMARY Like many other nineteenth-century dance manuals, much of the material in The prompter comes from previously published materials. The treatise opens with a brief discussion of etiquette and continues with figures for quadrilles. Additionally, the manual discusses "Le quadrille Fran�ais," De Garmo's terminology for English country dances, and gives eighty-seven figures for the cotillon, a popular group dance that takes the form of a series of party games.

CREATED/PUBLISHED New York, W. A. Pond & co., 1875.

SUMMARY This manual was originally published in 1864 with subsequent editions in 1865, 1866, and 1868 when the author noted that many of the dances were no longer fashionable. Typical of other late nineteenth-century manuals, much of the text is borrowed from other writers. The manual provides a brief section on etiquette and describes the popular ballroom dances of the era--quadrille, polka, redowa, polka mazurka, schottisch, galop, and rules and figures for 102 cotillon figures. Reflecting a growing interest in the dances of the past, De Garmo provides directions and music for the "Menuet de la Cour." The manual was reissued in 1884.

CREATED/PUBLISHED Paris, H. Delarue et cie [190-?]

SUMMARY Desrat begins his work with a description of dances that were still in vogue at the turn of the century: Boston waltz, cake walk, Berlin, pas de patineurs, and Washington-Post (a two step). A history of ancient dance follows and the discussion begins with Greek and Roman origins; this is followed by a discussion of "modern dances," which Desrat describes as pavane, gavotte, branle, and the minuet. Much of Desrat's historical text is borrowed heavily from previously published sources including �lise Voirat's 1823 Essai sur la danse antique et moderne.

CREATED/PUBLISHED [Kenosha, Wis., c1918]

SUMMARY This small manual of less than thirty pages is aimed at a non-urban population and, although it contains substantial sections on etiquette and the value of good manners, the only dances mentioned by Dewey are the one step and foxtrot. Advice includes "A man should not try to dance in his stiff, heavy, working shoes," and admonishments to remove chewing gum from the pockets so "you will not be tempted to use it at the party."

CREATED/PUBLISHED New York, Dick & Fitzgerald [c1895]

SUMMARY Devoted entirely to the performance of the German, a popular group dance that consisted of figures or party games. The manual provides instructions for the leader and appropriate etiquette for guests, who are admonished to pay attention to the leader, but, at the same time are warned against "a too dignified deportment," considered disastrous to the general "gratification." Directions for one hundred sixteen figures are given.

CREATED/PUBLISHED New-York, Nesbitt & co., printers, 1873.

SUMMARY This small, pocketsize manual was intended for the students of well-known New York dancing master and composer Allen Dodworth. The manual states the rules for classes, gives Dodworth's qualifications as a teacher, and describes appropriate manners and etiquette. Dances include the quadrille and the popular parlor game known as the German as well as a section on how to dance the "Boston," a waltz variation. As is common in all of Dodworth's works, the author gives ample advice to musicians.

CREATED/PUBLISHED New York, Nesbitt & co., printers, 1878.

SUMMARY This small, pocketsize manual was intended for the students of well-known New York dancing master and composer Allen Dodworth. The manual states the rules for classes, gives Dodworth's qualifications as a teacher, and covers manners and etiquette. This edition expands on the 1873 edition by providing more information on the waltz and the cotillon or German, for which eighty-nine figures are presented.

CREATED/PUBLISHED New York, London, Harper & brothers, 1900.

SUMMARY Dancing master and composer Dodworth's manual was originally published in 1885 and "new and enlarged" editions were reissued in 1888, 1900, 1902, and 1905. In this manual, Dodworth gives his perspective on fifty years of changes in social dance. The book covers the galop, racket, waltz and knickerbocker, bows, quadrilles, the minuet, Virginia reel, and two hundred fifty figures for the German (also known as the cotillon). The manual also includes an illuminating chapter directed toward dance musicians.

CREATED/PUBLISHED [Center Hall, Pa., Center Reporter printing office, 1921]

SUMMARY This manual consists of a sermon presented at Saint Luke's Lutheran Church, on 13 February 1921 in Centre Hall, Pennsylvania. This antidance work argues that dance is injurious to the health, is usually accompanied by drinking alcohol, and forces young men to stray from serious reflection and prayer. Typical of this genre of literature, the book contains testimonials from numerous denominations including the Roman Catholic Church, Episcopal Church, Baptist Church, Presbyterian Church, and the Methodist Church.

CREATED/PUBLISHED Napoli, Nella stamperia di F. Mosca, 1728.

SUMMARY Part one of this text consists of thirty-four chapters devoted to instructions for steps required in Italian Baroque dance including pirola (pirouette), sfuggito (echapp�), passo unite (assembl�), and cadente (tomb�). Each step is fully described and notated in Feuillet notation, the dance notation system first published by French choreographer Raoul-Auger Feuillet in 1700. The second part of the manual contains six chapters devoted to performance of the minuetto (minuet) and concludes with a section on the contradanza (contredanse) and riverenze (bows).

CREATED/PUBLISHED Edinburgh, Printed for the author, and sold by W. Wilson & co. [etc.] 1818.

SUMMARY The three chapters that make up this manual are devoted to the merits and performance of the French quadrille, a popular ballroom dance performed by four couples who face each other in a square. In recognizing the existence of specific steps appropriate for quadrilles, Dun warns against performing steps used in English country dances or Scotch reels. The manual concludes with the figures for six quadrilles.

CREATED/PUBLISHED Paris, Akademia Raymond Duncan, 1914.

SUMMARY Originally an address, given by the brother of famed dancer, Isadora Duncan, at a conference in May 1914 at the Universit� Hellenique, Duncan discusses the renaissance and importance of gymnastics and the systems of physical culture based on Greek models.

OTHER TITLES Ball-room instructor

CREATED/PUBLISHED Philadelphia, Baltimore [etc.] Fisher & brother [c1856]

SUMMARY Although Charles Durang was a well-known Philadelphia dancing teacher and the son of famed American dancer John Durang, very little of this manual originates from the pen of the author. He acknowledges that the dances contained in the book are by the "celebrated teachers of Paris and London." Additionally, the sections on etiquette, deportment, and dress stem from "Mrs. Henderson's treatise." The manual includes descriptions of the popular ballroom dances of the day--quadrilles, polka, waltz, schottisch, gorlitza, and Cellarius waltz.

CREATED/PUBLISHED Boston, New York [etc.] White-Smith music publishing company, c1892.

SUMMARY This manual is devoted entirely to the art of calling figures for the quadrille. The book provides the figures for quadrilles and gives the appropriate calls.

CREATED/PUBLISHED Chicago, The Henry publishing co. [c1892]

SUMMARY This antidance treatise, written by an ex-dancing master, is devoted to condemning the waltz. Some of the chapter titles include "From the Ball-Room to the Grave," "Abandoned Women the Best Dancers," and "The Approval of Society is no Proof Against the Degradation.

CREATED/PUBLISHED Los Angeles, Cal., T.A. Faulkner [c1916]

SUMMARY This is the second antidance treatise published by ex-dancing master Faulkner, which he suggests was needed "because the dance craze has developed with such incredible rapidity." This book consists of large sections taken from his earlier book, From the ballroom to hell. Much of Faulkner's diatribe consists of testimonials against women, whom he feels need to be protected from dancing, "one of the most irresistible and dangerous attractions."

CREATED/PUBLISHED Braunschweig, 1772.

SUMMARY Originally published in 1767 under the title Die Kunst nach der Choregraphie zu T�nze, Feldtenstein's manual utilizes text and tables to describe basic steps. The work includes figures for country dances and quadrilles, and a variety of national dances as well as figures and music for four contredanses. This manual is especially important for its description of the minuet as a duet and its subsequent change into a group dance.

CREATED/PUBLISHED New York, The author, 1859.

SUMMARY Although much of the material in this manual is borrowed from the dance writings of Charles Durang, it remains an important source for the study of mid-nineteenth-century ballroom dance. Unlike other contemporary writers, Ferrero devotes more than eighty pages to the origins of dance and a history of European and Native American dance. The remaining part of the manual concerns ballroom etiquette and descriptions of numerous dances including the quadrille, waltz, polka, schottisch, varsovienne, polka mazurka, and galop. Ferrero gives directions for more than eighty figures of the cotillon, a group dance performed as a series of party games. Some of the figures include "The scarf," "The glass of wine," "The sea during a storm," "The four chairs," and "The rounds thwarted." The manual concludes with music for twenty-three dances.

CREATED/PUBLISHED Paris, A. Aubry, 1854.

SUMMARY Large portions of this manual on the history of dance are borrowed from other sources including Mme �lise Voiart's Essai sur la danse. The author begins with an examination of Greek and Roman dance and continues through the court dances of Louis XII and Catherine de M�dicis. The discussion on French theatrical dance includes mention of two well-known ballerinas, Fanny Elssler and Fanny Cerrito. A wide range of Renaissance and Baroque dances is discussed including the gavotte, pavane, sarabande, chaconne, and gailliard. This manual is typical of other similar publications in that substantial discussion is given to dance practices in foreign lands including China, Switzerland, England, Ireland, Hungary, and Russia.

CREATED/PUBLISHED Paris, L'auteur, 1706.

SUMMARY This is the first manual to be published in France that describes English country dances. Called contredanses (also spelled contredance) in France, the manual describes motions for the feet and arms, how the dance corresponds to the music, and rules for performance. Additionally, floor plans and music for ten dances are given. Feuillet also suggests appropriate steps. Performed as a series of figures by a column of men facing a column of women, The English country dance was a popular ballroom dance during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. In 1710, this manual was translated into English as For the further improvement of dancing by English dancer, dancing master and writer John Essex.

CREATED/PUBLISHED London, Printed for, & sold by In0. Walsh, musick printer & instrument maker to His Majesty, at the Harp in Catherine street in the strand [ca. 1715?]

CREATED/PUBLISHED Paris, L'auteur, 1709.

CREATED/PUBLISHED Paris, Chez le Sr Dezais, 1713.

SUMMARY Originally published in 1700, this manual details a dance notation system that indicates the placement of the feet and six basic leg movements: pli�, releve�, saut�, cabriole, tomb�, and gliss�. Changes of body direction and numerous ornamentations of the legs and arms are also part of the system. The system is based on tract drawings that trace the pattern of the dance. Additionaly, bar lines in the dance score correspond to bar lines in the music score. Signs written on the right or left hand side of the tract indicate the steps. Chor�ographie was reprinted three times and translated into English by John Weater in 1706.